Everything about Arrouaise Abbey And Order totally explained
The
Abbey of Arrouaise was the centre of a form of the
Augustinian monastic rule, the
Arrouaisian Order, which was popular among the founders of abbeys during the decade of the
1130s. The community began to develop when Heldemar joined the
hermit Ruggerius in
1090 but its first
abbot, elected in
1121, was called Gervaise. He impressed people who had the wealth sufficient to found an abbey, who usually had the secular power likely to go with their landed wealth.
Origins
The
abbey had originated as a hermitage. That had developed into a community which adopted the task of providing a service to travellers through the then, great
Forest of Arrouaise in
Artois. The order of Arrouaise was differentiated from others by being basically that of St. Augustine with the more restrained approach of the
Cistercians as a guide to its more austere philosophy. In general, as time passed, the distinction between the Augustinian and Arrouaisian orders was less likely to be made, so that now, as in their later years of life, Arrouaisian houses are often referred to as being Augustinian.
The forest was in the form of a belt extending westwards from the Forest of The
Ardennes, to the north of the town of
St. Quentin and towards the town of
Bapaume. It is now largely felled. Traffic passed through the forest, in many cases along the remaining lines of
Roman roads. The routes were important commercially and diplomatically for traffic between
Paris and
Flanders, also between
England and
Burgundy. It will have been mainly by this route that the English and Western Flemings went to
Rome on
pilgrimages and
diplomatic journeys.
Geography
On the whole, scholars seem rather vague about where the abbey itself was. It is possible that 'arrouaise' is an adjective indicating a connection with
Arras or, by extension, with
Artois, but in the
20th century, at least, these adjectives were respectively 'arrageois' and 'artesian'. However, within the appropriate area and in the higher land between the sources of rivers such as the
Somme,
Sambre and
Escaut, there's a hamlet called l’Arrouaise. It lies at the end of a turning off a back road, the D272 (
département of
Aisne), 11.5 km south-east of the place known to British military historians as
Le Cateau. The out-of-the-way position of l'Arrouaise would have been appropriate to the hermitage origins but wouldn't be convenient in developing the tradition of service to travellers.
There was a small abbey, founded in the
11th century, "in the middle of the Forest of Arrouaise", at
Aubencheul-aux-Bois near the N44 and about halfway between Cambrai and St. Quentin. It lies between
Mesnil-en-Arrouaise 10 km SE of Bapaume) and
Montigny-en-Arrouaise (15 km ENE of St. Quentin). Auboncheul lies on the border between Picardy and Hainaut as represented by the départements of Aisne and Nord. This site, on the St Quentin to Cambrai road, is much better suited to serving travellers, being on both the Paris to Mechelen and the London to Dijon roads. That means the France to Flanders and England to Burgundy diplomatic routes, as well as that from England and western Flanders to Rome. Besides these, the commercial traffic between Italy and Flanders grew in importance during the medieval period. Both Cambrai and St. Quentin were part of it. Four kilometres to the south of Aubencheul, at Gouy which used to be called Gouy en Arrouaise,
(Click on Pienne on this map)
the Michelin 1:200 000 map shows an abbey ruin, at the source of the Escaut. The two are likely to be one and known as Mont Saint Martin. This doesn't fit with the foundation charters of Bourne and Missenden Abbeys in each of which the dedication of Arrouaise is given as being to St. Nicholas. Although this abbey may not be Arrouaise, it looks like part of the same pattern, as the story of
St.Martin goes with the service to wayfarers.
For a clear statement of the site of the abbey we must stay with
the Cassini map of the Cambrai region. When compared with a modern map, for example the Michelin 1:200 000, the abbey site falls just to the east of the St Quentin to Arras road,
N17 as it crosses the border between the
départements of
Pas-de-Calais and
Somme. It lies to the south of the D19 road to and very close to the
Autoroute A2.
There is an
aerial photograph of the site as a
soilmark in a
gallery on
the French Ministry of Culture site. It isn't very clear but if the grey line across the foreground is the N17 and given the angle of elevation and bearing of the sun it is; the Abbey lay in a rectangular compound, hard by the road on its eastern side. The axis of the photograph's view is close to 70°, that's 20° north of eastwards.
Compare this with
a satellite view of the vicinity. The village in the north-west is Le Transloy, on the N17 and in the north-east, Rocquigny. The relationship between the N17 and the field boundaries indicates that the site now lies immediately to the north of the autoroute, A2 which abuts the right-hand edge of the former abbey's close, passing just outside it and leaving the ministry's picture through the top edge. The top right extremity of the picture is now on the far side of the autoroute.
This comparison of views draws attention to the very significant foreshortening in the ministry’s obliquely-taken photograph. It is therefore reasonable to see the pale patch in the strip of the site to the left as the abbey church, with the cloister just beyond the small modern building and accommodation for travellers occupying half the total width of the site, down to the southern boundary. The clarity of the soil mark varies with the modern use of the land. The lodgings appear to have been outside the canons' quarters and along the sides of a long, north-to-south courtyard.
History
The abbey elected its first abbot, Gervaise in 1121 and was suppressed in 1790 during the course of the
French Revolution.
Arrouaisian houses
In England
In France
Arrouaise Abbey (St. Nicholas)
Autrey
Beaulieu Abbey (Saint Graal)
In Germany
In Ireland
Bangor
Clonard
Dublin
Duleek
Durrow
Kells
Knock
Navan
Saul
Trim
In Poland
Scotland
Cambuskenneth Abbey (St. Mary).
In Spain
Further Information
Get more info on 'Arrouaise Abbey And Order'.
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